Rol del Enterococcus faecalis en las infecciones endodonticas persistentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v6i3.1073Palabras clave:
Enterococcus faecalis; biopelículas; infecciones endodónticas; tratamiento de conductos radiculares; fracaso del tratamiento endodónticoResumen
Las infecciones endodónticas persistentes son un problema clínico importante debido a la complejidad del sistema de conductos radiculares y a la capacidad de ciertos microorganismos para sobrevivir las diferentes terapias antimicrobianas. El Enterococcus faecalis ha sido identificado como uno de los principales patógenos asociados al fracaso del tratamiento endodóntico, especialmente en casos de retratamiento. La presente revisión narrativa se planteó como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica más actualizada sobre el papel de Enterococcus faecalis en las infecciones endodónticas persistentes, profundizando en sus mecanismos de virulencia, de resistencia e implicaciones clínicas. Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, SciELO y LILACS, se seleccionaron en su mayoría estudios relevantes publicados en los últimos años. La evidencia analizada indicó que la formación de biopelículas constituye un factor clave en la persistencia bacteriana, al proporcionar protección frente a agentes antimicrobianos y facilitar la colonización de los túbulos dentinarios. Asimismo, se identificaron limitaciones en los protocolos convencionales de desinfección, así como las estrategias terapéuticas actuales orientadas a la disrupción del biofilm. En conclusión, esta bacteria desempeña un papel determinante en el fracaso endodóntico, lo que resalta la necesidad de plantear enfoques terapéuticos más efectivos e integrales.
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