Avances en la identificación del síndrome antifosfolípido: nuevos criterios de laboratorio para su diagnóstico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v5i3.655Palabras clave:
Síndrome antifosfolípido; anticuerpos; criterios; seronegativo; diagnóstico de laboratorioResumen
El síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF) es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por trombosis y/o morbilidad obstétrica y presencia persistente de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos (aPL), las limitaciones en el diagnostico llevan a la evaluación de la aplicabilidad de los nuevos criterios ACR/EULAR 2023 frente a los criterios Sapporo (2006), además de la búsqueda de nuevos biomarcadores. Los nuevos criterios mostraron una mayor especificidad (99%) aunque menor sensibilidad (86%) evitando casi por completo los falsos positivos. La inclusión de nuevos dominios clínicos como trombocitopenia, afectación valvular cardiaca y livedo racemosa, permite reclasificar pacientes previamente excluidos. Así mismo, se analizaron anticuerpos no criterio (aPS/PT, aAnxV, aPE, aVim/CL) especialmente útiles para pacientes seronegativos, encontrando prevalencias destacadas que se asociaron significativamente con eventos típicos del SAF. Los resultados evidencian que los nuevos criterios mejoran la especificidad diagnostica integrando manifestaciones clínicas relevantes además de mejorar el sistema de puntuación respecto a la identificación de los biomarcadores. La integración de nuevos biomarcadores ha logrado identificar a muchos pacientes con características sugestivas de SAF, es por eso que se resalta la necesidad de integrarlos a los criterios establecidos para que de esta manera se mejore la estandarización de sus métodos de detección para una clasificación más completa y precisa del SAF.
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