Implicaciones clínicas de la formación de biopelículas de aspergillus spp.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v5i5.842Palabras clave:
Biopelículas; Aspergillus; Resistencia antifúngica; Virulencia; Terapéuticas innovadoras.Resumen
La formación de biopelículas en especies de Aspergillus spp., como A. fumigatus, A. flavus y A. niger, representa un factor clave de virulencia y resistencia antifúngica en infecciones oportunistas, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Esta revisión sistemática analiza literatura reciente de bases como PubMed, BVS y Web of Science, identificando mecanismos como la matriz extracelular (ECM) rica en galactosaminogalactano (GAG), que promueve adherencia, invasión y cronicidad. Se destacan implicaciones clínicas, incluyendo resistencia a triazoles y anfotericina B, asociada a enzimas extracelulares y mutaciones genéticas (Cyp51A, HapE). Además, se abordan biopelículas mixtas con bacterias, infecciones secundarias como Aspergilosis Pulmonar Asociada a COVID-19 (CAPA) y estrategias terapéuticas innovadoras, como combinaciones sinérgicas (vorinostat-triazoles) e inhibidores de proteínas (Agd3). Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de detección temprana y terapias dirigidas para mitigar fracasos terapéuticos y mortalidad elevada.
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