Interleucina-6 y Galectina-3 como biomarcadores asociados a inflamación crónica en pacientes con sospecha de fibrosis cardíaca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v5i5.859Palabras clave:
interleucina-6; galectina-3; inflamación; fibrosis; insuficiencia cardíacaResumen
La fibrosis cardíaca constituye una alteración estructural relevante en la fisiopatología de enfermedades cardiovasculares como la insuficiencia cardíaca, caracterizada por remodelación del tejido miocárdico, inflamación crónica y progresión hacia disfunción ventricular. Entre los biomarcadores implicados en estos procesos destacan la interleucina-6 (IL-6) y la galectina-3 (Gal-3), ampliamente estudiados por su papel en inflamación sistémica, activación fibroblástica y remodelado cardíaco. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la evidencia científica reciente sobre la utilidad de IL-6 y Gal-3 como biomarcadores asociados a inflamación crónica y fibrosis cardíaca. Se realizó una revisión narrativa basada en el método PRISMA. Se efectuó una búsqueda en PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y Web of Science entre 2015 y 2024. Se identificaron 117 artículos en PubMed, 184 en BVS y 185 en Web of Science (n = 486). Tras eliminar duplicados (n = 188), se cribaron 298 registros mediante revisión de título y resumen. Los artículos potencialmente elegibles fueron evaluados en texto completo y finalmente se incluyeron 28 estudios que cumplían los criterios de evaluación clínica y metodológica. Los estudios incluidos evidencian una asociación consistente entre niveles elevados de IL-6 y mayor actividad inflamatoria, peor remodelación cardíaca y aumento del riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares. Asimismo, niveles elevados de Gal-3 se relacionan con fibrosis miocárdica activa, progresión de insuficiencia cardíaca y mayor mortalidad. La combinación IL-6 + Gal-3 mejora la capacidad predictiva de riesgo comparada con el análisis individual. Se concluye que IL-6 y Gal-3 representan biomarcadores complementarios de inflamación y fibrosis cardíaca, con utilidad potencial en la estratificación de riesgo y la toma de decisiones clínicas en pacientes con sospecha de remodelado miocárdico.
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