Alfonzo-Pin et al. (2026)
ABSTRACT
The implementation of the Philosophy curriculum in technical sixth-form education
remains a persistent challenge in Latin American education systems, particularly in terms
of its integration with technical and vocational profiles and the development of cross-
curricular skills. The aim of the research was to design a teaching guide aimed at
strengthening the Philosophy curriculum and improving cross-curricular skills among
students on the Technical Baccalaureate in Accounting programme at the Palmar
Educational Unit. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, with a non-
experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample was non-probabilistic and purposive
(n = 91): 88 first- and second-year students on the Technical Baccalaureate in
Accounting programme, two Philosophy teachers and the technical area coordinator,
selected from a population of 123 individuals. The techniques employed were a survey,
using a questionnaire with a 15-item Likert scale distributed across six dimensions, and
semi-structured interviews. The results showed favourable ratings in the dimensions of
cross-curricular competences: critical thinking (x = 4.01), logical reasoning (x = 3.98) and
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ethical reflection (x = 4.00). However, gaps were identified in the pedagogical integration
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of ICT (x = 3.46) and in the contextualisation of content to the technical-accounting field
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x = 3.72). The triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data confirmed that the
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problem does not lie in pedagogical intent, but in the absence of a systematic curricular
framework. It was concluded that a contextualised teaching guide, incorporating active
methodologies, ICT integration and formative assessment, constitutes a relevant and
viable response to the identified institutional needs.
Keywords: Philosophy curriculum, cross-curricular competences, Technical
Baccalaureate in Accounting, critical thinking, teaching guide.
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
La implementación del currículo constituye actualmente uno de los principales
desafíos de los sistemas educativos, especialmente en contextos donde se
busca articular la formación humanística con las demandas técnicas y
profesionales del siglo XXI. A pesar de los avances normativos y del tránsito
hacia modelos curriculares basados en competencias, persiste una distancia
significativa entre el currículo prescrito y el currículo implementado, lo que limita
el alcance formativo de diversas asignaturas del tronco común. Esta
problemática adquiere especial relevancia en áreas como Filosofía, cuyo aporte
al desarrollo integral del estudiantado depende, en gran medida, de la forma en
que sus contenidos y metodologías se concretan en la práctica pedagógica
cotidiana.
En el contexto ecuatoriano, el currículo vigente del Bachillerato Técnico
promueve una formación integral orientada al desarrollo de aprendizajes
esenciales y competencias transversales. La asignatura de Filosofía forma parte