Morphometric variability of Coffea arabica L. varieties and hybrids in tropical Manabí, Ecuador

Abstract

Early morphometric characterization makes it possible to identify differences in vigor among coffee materials and to support agronomic selection. This study determined the morphometric variability of two varieties (Red Bourbon and Yellow Bourbon) and four hybrids (Yellow Catucaí, Catuaí, Catimor, and Sarchimor 4260) of Coffea arabica L. during the third year of development at the Andil experimental farm in Jipijapa, Manabí, Ecuador. A randomized complete block design was used with six treatments, five replicates, and ten plants per experimental unit; measurements were taken from the five central plants. Eight variables were evaluated, and means were compared using Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Significant differences among genotypes were detected for all variables. Yellow Bourbon and Red Bourbon showed the largest stem diameters, plant heights, and branch lengths. Sarchimor 4260 had the greatest leaf width and petiole length, whereas Yellow Catucaí and Catimor produced the longest leaves. When the materials were grouped, the varieties showed greater structural vigor, while the hybrids had greater leaf length and more nodes. These results provide quantitative criteria to guide genotype selection in coffee production systems in tropical Manabí.