Expansion of Pitahaya monocultures and its environmental impact in the canton of Junín, province of Manabí

Abstract

The research analyzed the environmental problems arising from the expansion of pitahaya monocultures over extensive areas of the Junín canton, Manabí province. This expansion involved an increased use of chemical inputs, soil resources, fuels for land management, and transportation of agricultural products, factors that generated various environmental impacts. The main objective was to determine the environmental impact associated with pitahaya cultivation in the study area. Descriptive and analytical theoretical methods were employed, integrating an inductive-deductive approach, starting from empirical observation. Data collection instruments such as surveys and interview guides directed at farm workers and owners were applied, supported by probabilistic sampling and descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The main results showed that the most significant negative environmental impacts were the loss of biodiversity and soil degradation, associated with the intensive use of agrochemicals, clearing of forest ecosystems, land movement, and opening of access roads. It is concluded that the expansion of pitahaya monocultures generates significant impacts on water resources, soil health, biotic components, and sociocultural factors, although it has also produced positive economic effects in terms of employment and income generation. These findings highlight the need to implement sustainable production strategies that balance economic growth with environmental conservation.