El rol de la Microbiota intestinal en la salud y enfermedad humana: una revisión exhaustiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v4i4.215Palabras clave:
microbiota intestinal; disbiosis, enfermedades metabólicas; enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales; trastornos neurológicos; estrategias terapéuticasResumen
La microbiota intestinal, una compleja comunidad de microorganismos en el tracto gastrointestinal, desempeña un papel fundamental en la salud y la enfermedad humana. Compuesta por bacterias, virus, hongos y arqueas, la microbiota influye en diversas funciones fisiológicas, incluyendo la digestión, el metabolismo, la regulación del sistema inmune y el desarrollo neurológico. La disbiosis, un desequilibrio en la composición microbiana, está asociada con varias enfermedades, como obesidad, diabetes tipo 2, enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales y trastornos neurológicos. Este artículo revisa la composición y funciones de la microbiota intestinal, explora cómo las alteraciones en esta pueden contribuir a enfermedades específicas y discute estrategias terapéuticas emergentes, como los probióticos, prebióticos y el trasplante de microbiota fecal. Además, se abordan los desafíos actuales en su investigación y se destacan áreas futuras para su estudio.
Descargas
Citas
Sekirov I, Russell SL, Antunes LCM, Finlay BB. Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiological reviews. 2010.
Gomaa EZ. Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2020;113(12):2019-40.
Wang B, Yao M, Lv L, Ling Z, Li L. The human microbiota in health and disease. Engineering. 2017;3(1):71-82.
Fan Y, Pedersen O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2021;19(1):55-71.
Afzaal M, Saeed F, Shah YA, Hussain M, Rabail R, Socol CT, et al. Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship. Frontiers in microbiology. 2022;13:999001.
Nagpal R, Kumar M, Yadav A, Hemalatha R, Yadav H, Marotta F, et al. Gut microbiota in health and disease: an overview focused on metabolic inflammation. Beneficial microbes. 2016;7(2):181-94.
Quigley EM. Gut bacteria in health and disease. Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2013;9(9):560.
Cuna A, Morowitz MJ, Ahmed I, Umar S, Sampath V. Dynamics of the preterm gut microbiome in health and disease. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 2021;320(4):G411-G9.
Sommer F, Anderson JM, Bharti R, Raes J, Rosenstiel P. The resilience of the intestinal microbiota influences health and disease. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2017;15(10):630-8.
Simpson CA, Diaz-Arteche C, Eliby D, Schwartz OS, Simmons JG, Cowan CS. The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression–a systematic review. Clinical psychology review. 2021;83:101943.
Foster JA, Lyte M, Meyer E, Cryan JF. Gut microbiota and brain function: an evolving field in neuroscience. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016;19(5):pyv114.
Cheung SG, Goldenthal AR, Uhlemann A-C, Mann JJ, Miller JM, Sublette ME. Systematic review of gut microbiota and major depression. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2019;10:34.
Mayer EA, Knight R, Mazmanian SK, Cryan JF, Tillisch K. Gut microbes and the brain: paradigm shift in neuroscience. Journal of Neuroscience. 2014;34(46):15490-6.
Sanders ME, Merenstein DJ, Reid G, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2019;16(10):605-16.
Quigley EM. Prebiotics and probiotics in digestive health. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2019;17(2):333-44.
Boulangé CL, Neves AL, Chilloux J, Nicholson JK, Dumas M-E. Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease. Genome medicine. 2016;8:1-12.
De Vos WM, Tilg H, Van Hul M, Cani PD. Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut. 2022;71(5):1020-32.
Quaglio AEV, Grillo TG, De Oliveira ECS, Di Stasi LC, Sassaki LY. Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. World journal of gastroenterology. 2022;28(30):4053.
Shan Y, Lee M, Chang EB. The gut microbiome and inflammatory bowel diseases. Annual review of medicine. 2022;73(1):455-68.
Qiu P, Ishimoto T, Fu L, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Liu Y. The gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2022;12:733992.
Aldars-Garcia L, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. Systematic review: the gut microbiome and its potential clinical application in inflammatory bowel disease. Microorganisms. 2021;9(05):977.
Glassner KL, Abraham BP, Quigley EM. The microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2020;145(1):16-27.
Socała K, Doboszewska U, Szopa A, Serefko A, Włodarczyk M, Zielińska A, et al. The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Pharmacological research. 2021;172:105840.
Barbosa PM, Barbosa ER. The gut brain-axis in neurological diseases. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2020;33(5):528-36.
Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Sandhu K, Peterson V, Dinan TG. The gut microbiome in neurological disorders. The Lancet Neurology. 2020;19(2):179-94.
Morais LH, Schreiber IV HL, Mazmanian SK. The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2021;19(4):241-55.
Ullah H, Arbab S, Tian Y, Liu C-q, Chen Y, Qijie L, et al. The gut microbiota–brain axis in neurological disorder. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2023;17:1225875.
Ghosh S, Pramanik S. Structural diversity, functional aspects and future therapeutic applications of human gut microbiome. Archives of microbiology. 2021;203(9):5281-308.
Huda MN, Kim M, Bennett BJ. Modulating the microbiota as a therapeutic intervention for type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2021;12:632335.
Henig I, Yehudai-Ofir D, Zuckerman T. The clinical role of the gut microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica. 2021;106(4):933.
Wu R, Xiong R, Li Y, Chen J, Yan R. Gut microbiome, metabolome, host immunity associated with inflammatory bowel disease and intervention of fecal microbiota transplantation. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2023;141:103062.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Revista Científica de Salud BIOSANA
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
