The role of the gut microbiota in human health and disease: a review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v4i4.215Keywords:
gut microbiota; dysbiosis; metabolic diseases; inflammatory bowel diseases; neurological disorders; therapeutic strategiesAbstract
The gut microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a fundamental role in human health and disease. Comprising bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, the microbiota influences various physiological functions, including digestion, metabolism, immune system regulation, and neurological development. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial composition, is associated with several diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and neurological disorders. This article reviews the composition and functions of the gut microbiota, explores how alterations in this can contribute to specific diseases, and discusses emerging therapeutic strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Additionally, current research challenges are addressed, and future research areas are highlighted.
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