Impacto global de las enfermedades infecciosas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v4i4.245Palabras clave:
bacterias; diagnóstico; infecciones; prevalencia; virusResumen
Los impactos globales de las enfermedades infecciosas son profundos y abarcan desde altas tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad, especialmente en los países de bajos y medianos ingresos, hasta enormes costos económicos para la pérdida de productividad y gastos sanitarios, estas representan una grave amenaza a la seguridad sanitaria mundial, ya que pueden convertirse rápidamente en pandemias que trascienden fronteras. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el impacto global de las enfermedades infecciosas. Se aplicó una metodología narrativa documental, tipo descriptiva, con la cual se llevó a cabo búsquedas bibliográficas en inglés y español. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la tasa de prevalencia varía significativamente entre diferentes enfermedades y regiones, subrayando que el SARS-CoV-2 oscila desde el 35% en Bélgica hasta el 73% en Vietnam. La prueba RT-PCR aparece como el método de diagnóstico más común en varios estudios, además de estos, se mencionan otras técnicas como pruebas de anticuerpos (IgG, IgM), detección de antígenos (NS1), y secuenciación de próxima generación. Las medidas de prevención varían desde prácticas de higiene personal (lavado de manos, uso de mascarillas) hasta intervenciones médicas (vacunación, profilaxis antimicrobiana). Se concluyó que los estudios mostraron una variación significativa en la prevalencia de diferentes enfermedades infecciosas a nivel mundial. La diversidad de técnicas diagnósticas, incluyen desde la RT-PCR hasta las pruebas serológicas y la secuenciación genómica. Las medidas de prevención descritas abarcan tanto intervenciones individuales como estrategias a nivel de salud pública.
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