Nutritional, anthropometric, biochemical, immunological and hematological characterization of the child population of the San Lorenzo parish

Abstract

Child malnutrition constitutes a public health problem that affects children’s physical, cognitive, and social development. In Ecuador, its prevalence is high in rural and vulnerable communities, where socioeconomic factors limit access to adequate nutrition and timely health services. The objective of this study was to analyze the nutritional characterization of children in the population of San Lorenzo through the evaluation of anthropometric, biochemical, immunological, and hematological parameters. A descriptive methodology was applied, employing inclusion and exclusion criteria and ensuring data anonymization. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software with a sample of 20 children. The results showed that 15% presented short stature, another 15% were in an intermediate range, and the remainder reached normal values. Body weight exhibited wide variations, reflecting an irregular nutritional pattern. In the biochemical analyses, 95% of the children presented elevated cholesterol levels, while 90% showed alterations in triglycerides and HDL. Additionally, 25% showed albumin deficiency and 40% had low iron levels. Regarding immunological function, 20% presented decreased complement C3. At the hematological level, 80% showed reduced erythrocytes, 60% low hemoglobin, and 60% decreased hematocrit. It was concluded that the child population of San Lorenzo presents malnutrition and significant nutritional deficiencies, highlighting the need for comprehensive public health interventions.