Anthropometric, biochemical, immunological, and hematological nutritional characterization of the child population in the salango Parish of the Puerto López Canton

Abstract

Child nutrition remains a global public health priority due to its critical influence on physical growth, cognitive development, and long-term well-being. This study aimed to characterize the anthropometric, biochemical, immunological, and hematological nutritional status of children residing in Salango Parish, Puerto López Canton. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional design was employed. The final study sample consisted of 26 children selected through observational criteria. Data collection included dietary habit assessments, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory analyses to evaluate nutritional and health indicators. The findings revealed predominantly healthy dietary practices, with 92.3% of participants consuming fruits and vegetables on a daily basis, and an equal proportion regularly sharing meals with their families. Anthropometric assessment demonstrated a mixed distribution, combining normal nutritional status with evidence of nutritional alterations in a subset of children. Hematological analysis showed that leukocyte counts were within normal ranges in 76.9% of the sample, while 15.4% presented decreased values and 7.7% elevated values. Lymphocyte and monocyte levels were largely normal; however, 7.7% of children exhibited elevated lymphocyte counts. Erythrocyte parameters indicated a high prevalence of anemia-related indicators, with 80.8% displaying low erythrocyte counts, accompanied by reduced hemoglobin levels in 69.2% and decreased hematocrit in 61.5% of participants. In conclusion, the results suggest that sociodemographic conditions and caregivers’ nutritional knowledge significantly influence child nutritional status. The comprehensive assessment of anthropometric, biochemical, immunological, and hematological parameters enabled the identification of potential nutritional deficiencies that may adversely affect growth and development.