MAPT Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

En un solo párrafo y hasta 200 palabras (Time New Roman, cursiva, 12 puntos)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is regarded as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, affecting close to one percent of the population over sixty years of age, with a notably higher incidence observed in men compared to women. Its origin is considered multifactorial in nature, involving a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors, among which variants in the LRRK2, PARK2, MAPT, SNCA, NR4A2, and MTHFR genes stand out, associated with pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in dopaminergic transmission. This research aimed to collect, analyze, and synthesize the available scientific evidence regarding the genotyping methods used in the study of this disease, through a systematic literature review conducted across the PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, considering articles published between the years 2013 and 2023. The results show that real-time PCR and exome sequencing constitute the most widely used techniques, with Odds Ratio values ranging between 1.18 and 1.52 across populations from Mexico, Spain, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates. Likewise, a sustained increase in the global prevalence of the disease was confirmed, with projections exceeding twelve million cases by the year 2040, attributable mainly to the progressive aging of the global population.