Determination of creatinine, urea, and proteinuria as early biomarkers of kidney disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can develop silently and pose a significant health risk, particularly in adults with predisposing risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. In this context, creatinine, urea, and proteinuria serve as key laboratory parameters for assessing potential renal function abnormalities. Based on clinical laboratory analysis, alterations in the levels of these biomarkers—creatinine, urea, and proteinuria—were identified, occurring most frequently in individuals with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Similarly, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) provided complementary data on estimated renal function, with notable findings observed in participants within the G2 and G3a categories. Collectively, the study results demonstrate that assessing these biomarkers alongside the eGFR enables the identification of distinct patterns of renal function impairment in adults with predisposing risk factors. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating various renal biochemical parameters in such individuals as part of an early assessment aimed at the timely detection of potential renal function abnormalities.