Mediators of the inflammatory response and alterations of the immune system in obese patients

Abstract

Inflammatory mechanisms represent an organized series of dynamic responses that include cellular and vascular events with specific humoral secretions. On the other hand, obesity is a global public health problem that affects all age groups. The inflammation caused by obesity is determined by a greater number and activation of immune cells, which leads to the production of inflammatory mediators. Its objective was to evaluate the mediators of the inflammatory response and alterations of the immune system in obese patients. The methodology was based on a documentary method, through a systematic descriptive bibliographic review of articles published between the years 2014 - 2024, in databases such as Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, and PubMed, among others. The results obtained show that the highest prevalence rate was observed in Peru in 2019 with 60.2%, the most frequent inflammatory mediator is Interleukin-6, the relationship between grade I obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/ m2) with alteration of the immune system is more common with systemic autoimmunity. Concluding that the obesity prevalence worldwide over the years reveals a constant increase in different countries, in addition, the diversity of inflammatory mediators' immune response is responsible for the inflammatory nature associated with obesity, likewise, the relationship that exists between obesity and the alteration of the immune system is highly highlighted given that obesity produces alterations in the functioning of immune cells.