Epidemiology and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in Latin American countries

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonotic infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It poses several health risks, especially for immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, which can lead to severe neurological diseases, spontaneous abortions, or congenital malformations. This study aims to review and analyze the epidemiology and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis in Latin American countries. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, examining studies on the prevalence, transmission mechanisms, and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in Latin America. The results suggest a high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Latin America, with significant variations in different regions. The main risk factors identified include exposure to contaminated soil, consumption of undercooked meat, and close contact with felines, which are the main hosts of the parasite. Lack of awareness and inadequate public health measures contribute to the continued high prevalence of the infection. Toxoplasmosis remains a major public health concern in Latin America. Improving surveillance, public education, and preventive measures are essential to reduce the burden of this infection. Future research should focus on developing specific interventions and improving diagnostic and treatment strategies to effectively manage and control toxoplasmosis in the region.