Atopic dermatitis (AD)

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic, recurring skin disease characterized by inflammation, redness, dryness and severe itching. It is one of the most common forms of eczema and affects people of all ages, but it is especially common in children. Atopic dermatitis usually begins in childhood and can continue into adulthood, with periods of exacerbation and remission. The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be the result of a combination of genetic, environmental and immunological factors. People with atopic dermatitis often have a compromised skin barrier, allowing moisture loss and the entry of allergens, irritants, and microorganisms that can trigger inflammation. Symptoms include areas of dry, thickened, lesioned skin that usually appear in folds of the body such as the elbows, behind the knees, and on the neck. Intense itching is one of the most bothersome symptoms, which can lead to excessive scratching, which aggravates the condition and can lead to secondary infections.