Deficiency anemias and nutritional status in patients treated at the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security in Jipijapa

Abstract

The research on deficiency anemias and nutritional status in patients treated at the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security in Jipijapa was conducted due to the high frequency of nutritional anemias, which affect different age groups and are related to poor nutritional status. Its objective was to evaluate deficiency anemias and nutritional status in patients treated at the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security in Jipijapa. Additionally, the research sought to establish the frequency of deficiency anemias, determine nutritional status through anthropometric measurements, and relate the results obtained in patients with deficiency anemias to their nutritional status, aiming to determine whether nutritional deficiencies influence the onset of anemia. Hypotheses were formulated that established a significant relationship between micronutrient deficiencies such as iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid, and the occurrence of deficiency anemias. The research is of a descriptive design, cross-sectional, non-experimental, retrospective, and explanatory level, with data collection from hematological analyses and anthropometric measurements. The main results indicated a high frequency of iron-deficiency anemia, primarily in women and children, associated with nutritional deficiencies. A direct relationship between nutritional status, measured through body mass index, and the incidence of anemias was also observed. The conclusions suggest that improving the intake of key micronutrients could significantly reduce the prevalence of anemia in this population, promoting better eating habits and the implementation of preventive health programs.