Overweight and obesity associated with dyslipidemias in patients attended at the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security - Jipijapa

Abstract

Overweight and obesity are public health problems of growing global concern, closely related to the development of dyslipidemias, which increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between overweight, obesity and dyslipidemias in patients treated at the Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social - Jipijapa. The research was developed by means of a non-experimental design methodology, a retrospective cross-sectional cohort analytical study with a quantitative approach, with a sample of 212 patients between 30 and 50 years of age with overweight or obesity. The results showed a prevalence of 69.81% of overweight and 30.19% of grade I obesity, these being more frequent in the age group 41 to 50 years. However, no significant relationships were found between body mass index and blood lipid levels, such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, where bilateral significance tests (p) are above the accepted levels of statistical significance (p > 0.05). Among the most frequent dyslipidemias in overweight patients, mixed hyperlipidemia (28.65%), hypercholesterolemia (23.98%) and hypertriglyceridemia (10.53%) stood out. In patients with grade I obesity, the most common dyslipidemias were mixed hyperlipidemia (25.15%), hypercholesterolemia (9.36%) and hypertriglyceridemia (2.34%). We conclude that there is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population studied, observing that there was no non-significant relationship between body mass index and blood lipid levels, with mixed hyperlipidemia being the most common dyslipidemia in both groups.