Post-Covid-19 rheumatoid arthritis in adults treated at the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security Jipijapa

Abstract

Numerous studies have explored the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and COVID-19; however, this association remains incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus may trigger autoimmune responses, yet findings remain inconclusive, necessitating further research to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms. This study aims to characterize the impact of COVID-19 on patients with a history of RA treated at the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute (IESS) in Jipijapa. To achieve this, an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective research design was employed. Probabilistic sampling was conducted based on registered patients at the institute, facilitating an analysis of their clinical progression. Among the 65 patients examined, the majority (66.2%) retained normal joint function post-COVID-19, indicating minimal joint sequelae. Additionally, findings reveal that most RA patients were middle-aged women presenting with common symptoms of the disease. The study concludes that active RA increases the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19, particularly in individuals with uncontrolled disease activity. Furthermore, 32.3% of patients experienced a significant decline in joint function following COVID-19, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may have long-term detrimental effects on joint health in this population.