Dengue virus seroprevalence and its clinical variables in patients from the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security, Jipijapa

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the seroprevalence of the dengue virus and its clinical variables in patients treated at the Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social de Jipijapa during 2023. The objectives included determining the seroprevalence of the virus, analyzing demographic characteristics of patients, identifying associated clinical variables, and evaluating the relationship between seroprevalence and these variables. The proposed hypothesis indicated a direct relationship between seroprevalence and the clinical manifestations of dengue, classified as: without warning signs, with warning signs, and severe dengue. A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective methodology with a quantitative approach was used. The sample consisted of 278 patients, and statistical analyses such as chi-square and frequencies were applied, with a significance level of p<0.05 using SPSS software. The results showed a seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M antibodies of 24.8% and immunoglobulin G of 32.4%. Higher prevalence was observed in men (56.52%) and the age group of 37 to 42 years (30.4%). It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between the seroprevalence of the dengue virus and clinical variables, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring and adequate management to prevent disease progression.