Strategies for preventing kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure worldwide

Abstract

Being one of the main diseases that cause chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension increase mortality and reduce quality of life, representing a challenge for the health system, its increase is related to aging, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet and genetic factors. To determine the risk factors and their consequences in patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Latin America. The research is documentary, descriptive and based on bibliographic material. The main risk factors related to renal disease in individuals with diabetes and arterial hypertension include obesity, excess weight, tobacco consumption, among others. Likewise, highlighting complications such as toxin retention, metabolic acidosis, edema, alterations in bone-mineral metabolism, and neuropathies, other modifiable risk factors such as overweight, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and alcohol and tobacco consumption influence the progression of CKD, while hyperglycemia and activation of the renin-angiotensin system aggravate the disease. CKD in individuals with diabetes and hypertension arises from the complex interaction of several risk factors. Although most of the studies analyzed are observational and retrospective, which limits the ability to establish definitive causal relationships, available evidence supports the implementation of early preventive measures to delay the progression of kidney damage and increase patient well-being.