Mortality in patients with hip fracture. A literature review

Abstract

Hip fracture (FA) is a pathology with high incidence in the adult population from 50 years of age onwards, associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality and complications that reflect functional disability, chronic pain and decreased quality of life, it is estimated that the mortality rate in the first year after fracture in people with chronic conditions ranges between 14% and 36%, being responsible for one third of hospitalizations and half of the early deaths in patients with musculoskeletal (MS) injuries, the mortality associated with this condition is influenced by multiple risk factors, including age, gender, presence of comorbidities, delays in surgical intervention and the type of fracture. More than 90% of cases occur in people over 65 years of age, mainly in women with chronic diseases that aggravate their prognosis, among the most frequent associated conditions are cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), senile dementia, anemia and malnutrition, which compromise the clinical evolution of the patient. In addition, a high prevalence of circulatory system pathologies (63%), digestive diseases (48%) and mental disorders (39%) has been observed in these patients. Hip fracture, together with the acute stress resulting from the traumatic event and surgery, contributes to the exacerbation of pre-existing diseases and the development of new complications, which negatively impacts survival. Subsequently, we examined the numbers of females affected by multiple hip injuries and the mortality rate within Europe, Latin America, Asia and Oceania.