Genetic profile of antimicrobial resistance in clinically relevant enterobacteria associated with urinary tract infections
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v5i3.614Keywords:
antimicrobial resistance; enterobacteria; urinary tract infections; resistance genes; literature reviewAbstract
This study aimed to analyze the genetic profile of antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteria associated with urinary tract infections, focusing on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A bibliographic review of 18 relevant scientific studies published in recent years and focused on Latin America was conducted. Through qualitative and comparative analysis of the extracted data, a high prevalence of resistance genes such as bla<sub>CTX-M</sub>, bla<sub>TEM</sub>, and bla<sub>SHV</sub> was identified, along with the emergence of KPC-type carbapenemase variants that compromise last-line antibiotic therapies. Additionally, the relationship between clinical and epidemiological factors and the presence of multidrug-resistant strains was highlighted, and promising therapeutic alternatives such as natural compounds were reviewed. These findings provided relevant evidence to understand the genetic evolution of antimicrobial resistance in urinary infections. Therefore, it is concluded that molecular surveillance must be strengthened, and the rational use of antibiotics in clinical settings should be promoted.
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