Relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives and lipid disorders in women of child-bearing age

Abstract

Hormonal contraceptives, crucial for family planning, can induce lipid alterations that increase cardiovascular risk in women of reproductive age. This study examined their impact through a bibliographic review of research conducted between 2018 and 2024, using databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and Science Direct, with keywords like “hormonal contraceptives” and “lipid alterations.” Original studies, systematic reviews, and documents from organizations like the World Health Organization were included. The findings indicate that combined oral contraceptives increase total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, and may reduce HDL, particularly in women with obesity or diabetes. Factors such as dose, duration of use, and self-medication exacerbate these effects, potentially leading to complications like severe hypertriglyceridemia. New formulations, such as estetrol, appear less harmful. It is concluded that, despite their benefits, hormonal contraceptives require regular lipid profile monitoring and personalized selection based on individual risk factors to minimize cardiovascular complications, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies and adequate clinical oversight.