Effects of excessive use of social media on emotional regulation and mental health in adolescents: an integrative review from developmental psychology

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by increased stress and vulnerability to mental health problems. Meaningful peer relationships are known to protect against these challenges, but the rise of technology and social media use has impacted how adolescents form connections. Results: Prolonged social media use has been linked to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, primarily due to social comparison mechanisms and approval-seeking. Furthermore, excessive screen time is associated with social isolation and a decline in social skills, as digital interactions replace face-to-face contact. The concept of digital literacy emerges as a crucial preventative approach, equipping adolescents with the skills to interact with technology responsibly and mitigate psychological risks. Conclusions: Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of balanced technology use and targeted interventions, such as promoting digital literacy, to address the psychological challenges posed by the widespread use of digital technologies among adolescents.