Biochemical, hematological, immunological parameters and their sociodemographic indicators, risk factors and comorbidities in vulnerable Post Covid-19 populations aged 50 to 65 years

Abstract

COVID-19 has left millions of people with multiple sequelae, including chronic fatigue, respiratory problems, neurological and cardiovascular disorders, and cognitive decline. Individuals aged 50 to 65 represent a particularly vulnerable group. The objective was to identify and monitor post-COVID-19 sequelae and intervention in vulnerable populations aged 50 to 65. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional analytical methodology was used, integrating 96 participants into the study: 45 men (46.9%) and 51 women (53.1%). Consequently, the most represented group was 60 to 65 years old (41.7%, n=40), with a predominance of females (27.1%, n=26) over males (14.6%, n=14). According to the odds ratio of 1.6, hypertension showed a significant association as a risk factor. The most prevalent comorbidities were “other comorbidities” (38.5%, n=37) and cardiovascular diseases (27.1%, n=26). Within the immunological parameters, all study participants had COVID-19 in their immunoglobulin G antibodies. In the biochemical parameters, 24% (n=23) had hyperglycemia. In hematological parameters, anemia was detected in 29.2% (n=28), leukocytosis in 4.20% (n=4), and thrombocytopenia in 2.10% (n=2). The questionnaires revealed significant functional limitations, chi-square <0.05, mainly in activities such as sitting, standing up, dressing, or performing household tasks. Mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety, worry, insomnia, and emotional tension were also identified, according to the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the general health questionnaire, with statistical significance, chi-square <0.05. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive and ongoing care, particularly for women and the elderly.