Dengue and hematological and biochemical disorders in patients treated at the Chonelab Private Laboratory in the Canton of Chone

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It is considered the fastest spreading metaxenic disease in the world, thus being a threat to global health, because it is acquired by millions of people each year in tropical and subtropical areas. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to determine the hematological and biochemical parameters of dengue in people treated at the private Chonelab Laboratory in the Chone canton. Methodology: A descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study was carried out. Results: In the analysis of 125 samples evaluated, a higher incidence of dengue cases was revealed in females, with 62.4% n = 78, while in males 37.6% n = 47, and the age group from 52 to 60 years was the most affected. Regarding hematological parameters, most were within the reference ranges, however, a certain group of patients presented significant alterations, such as hemoconcentration 15.2% n = 19, leukopenia 9.6% n = 12 and thrombocytopenia 7.2% n = 9. On the other hand, biochemical analyses showed an increase in liver enzymes, evidencing hypertransaminasemia reflected in elevated values of SGOT 11.2% n = 14 and SGPT 10.4% n = 13. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the dengue virus represents a considerable risk to health and can alter various hematological and biochemical parameters, with a number of patients demonstrating hemoconcentration, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and hypertransaminasemia. These findings highlight the usefulness of the complete blood count and biochemical analyses as complementary tools for the diagnosis and clinical follow-up of this disease.