Blood type frequency and donor-recipient compatibility screening, treated at the Jipijapa Basic Hospital

Abstract

Human blood group systems are primarily classified into the ABO and Rh systems, which are the most clinically significant. The ABO system consists of four main blood types — A, B, AB, and O — determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of blood groups and the compatibility screening between donors and recipients treated at the Jipijapa Basic Hospital. A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective methodology with a quantitative approach was used. The study population comprised 470 patients who acted as donors and recipients, including 291 women and 179 men. The results revealed that the predominance of blood group O was evident among donors, with 99.6% (234 cases), while group B represented only 0.4% (1 case). Among recipients, blood group O remained the most common at 70.6% (166 cases), followed by group A at 20.0% (47 cases), group B at 8.9% (21 cases), and group AB at 0.4% (1 case). In terms of the Rh factor, 98.3% of both donors and recipients were Rh-positive, while only 1.7% were Rh-negative, indicating a high level of compatibility for transfusion. In conclusion, the ABO and Rh blood group systems are central to transfusion practices and are commonly used in hospitals worldwide, making their accurate typing and compatibility screening critical for patient safety.