Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies: their role as a biomarker in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v5i5.841Keywords:
Anticuerpos anti-CarP; FR; ACPA, artritis reumatoide; artritis reumatoide seronegativaAbstract
Anti-CarP antibodies are gaining attention due to the growing research aimed at expanding the understanding of their role as a diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of anti-CarP antibodies in patients with RA, with special emphasis on their positivity in seronegative RA. A literature review was conducted to compile the most recent scientific evidence regarding anti-CarP antibodies. The results showed that, due to the population heterogeneity observed across different studies, anti-CarP antibodies do not demonstrate sufficient utility to be considered a biomarker capable of replacing conventional markers. Furthermore, their presence is not consistently observed in all seronegative patients, but rather appears irregularly and unpredictably, which further limits their diagnostic usefulness. It is concluded that although anti-CarP antibodies are present in RA, their diagnostic value remains limited. Therefore, further exploration of new biomarkers with greater sensitivity for the detection of seronegative RA is recommended.
Downloads
References
Jang S, Kwon EJ, Lee JJ. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells [Internet]. Vol. 23, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 7]. p. 905. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35055087/
Maisha JA, El-Gabalawy HS, O’Neil LJ. Modifiable risk factors linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis: evidence, immunological mechanisms and prevention [Internet]. Vol. 14, Frontiers in Immunology. Frontiers Media SA; 2023 [cited 2025 Oct 7]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37767100/
Wu CY, Yang HY, Luo SF, Lai JH. From Rheumatoid Factor to Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies and Anti-Carbamylated Protein Antibodies for Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 8];22(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33445768/
Kolarz B, Ciesla M, Rosenthal AK, Dryglewska M, Majdan M. The value of anti-CarP and anti-PAD4 as markers of rheumatoid arthritis in ACPA/RF negative rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 7];13. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33628335/
Miguel-Lavariega D, Elizararrás-Rivas J, Villarreal-Ríos E, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Velasco-Tobón U, Vargas-Daza ER, et al. [Epidemiological profile of rheumatoid arthritis]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc [Internet]. 2023 Sep 4 [cited 2025 Oct 7];61(5):574–82. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37757464/
Alberto Mestanza. Polimorfismos en la región promotora del gen del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa (TNF-α) en pacientes ecuatorianos diagnosticados con Artritis Reumatoide. [Internet]. 2012 Jun [cited 2025 Oct 8]. Available from: https://www.dspace.uce.edu.ec/entities/publication/2509034e-2bdf-49bb-9c2a-4c84cb60e2bd
Ministerio de Salud Pública. Artritis reumatoide [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 Oct 8]. Available from: https://www.salud.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ARTRITIS-REUMATOIDE_23012017.pdf
Radu AF, Bungau SG. Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview. Cells [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 7];10(11). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34831081/
Gómez A. Nuevos criterios de clasificación de artritis reumatoide. Reumatol Clin [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2025 Oct 7];6(SUPPL. 3). Available from: https://reumatologiaclinica.org/es-nuevos-criterios-clasificacion-artritis-reumatoide-articulo-S1699258X1100026X
Petrelli F, Mariani FM, Alunno A, Puxeddu I. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: one year in review 2022 [Internet]. Vol. 40, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 7]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35333708/
Shimizu Y, Ntege EH, Azuma C, Uehara F, Toma T, Higa K, et al. Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possibilities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Based Therapies [Internet]. Vol. 12, Cells. 2023 [cited 2025 Oct 8]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37508569/
Ricchiuti V, Chun KY, Yang JM, Aure MA, Gomez L, Norman GL, et al. Anti-Carbamylated Protein (Anti-CarP) Antibodies in Patients Evaluated for Suspected Rheumatoid Arthritis. DIAGNOSTICS [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 8];12(7). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35885566/
Lara-Ramírez EE, Cuevas-Córdoba B, Olguín-Calderon D, Bastian Y, Ramos-Remus C, Castillo-Ortiz JD, et al. Evaluation of anti-citrullinated and anti-carbamylated antibodies in mexicans with rheumatoid arthritis and at-risk individuals. Rev Invest Clin [Internet]. 2025 Jan 20 [cited 2025 Oct 8];76(6):243–52. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39836925/
Markovic M, Campochiaro C, Glisic B, Petronijevic M, Ristic G, Stanojevic I, et al. Association of circulating levels of anti-CarP antibodies with disease activity, disability and radiological damage in rheumatoid arthritis patients: an open-label, observational study. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2025 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Oct 8];15(1). Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-03464-z
Mohamed SR, Neseem NO, Metwally SS, El-Kady BA. Diagnostic value and clinical significance of anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Egyptian Rheumatologist [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Oct 8];42(1):1–4. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S111011641930050X
Elsawy NA, Mohamed RA, Ghazala RA, Abdelshafy MA, Elnemr R. Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in premenopausal rheumatoid arthritis women: Relation to disease activity and bone loss. Rheumatology (United Kingdom) [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2025 Oct 8];60(3):1419–28. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32995835/
Dibrov DA, Avdeeva AS, Diatroptov ME, Nasonov EL. ANTI-CARBAMYLATED PROTEIN ANTIBODIES IN ACCP-NEGATIVE AND ACCP-POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Oct 8];61(6):751–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39002007/
Lamacchia C, Courvoisier DS, Jarlborg M, Bas S, Roux-Lombard P, Möller B, et al. Predictive value of anti-CarP and anti-PAD3 antibodies alone or in combination with RF and ACPA for the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (United Kingdom) [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1 [cited 2025 Oct 8];60(10):4598–608. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33502443/
Hussein MS, Gaber RA, Elsabagh HM, Rageh EM. Do anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis reflect local and systemic osteoporosis? A study of osteoprotegrin and receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand and radiological assessment. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 8];48(1). Available from: https://erar.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43166-021-00067-0
Lyu Y, Li Z, A Xiangren, Ma J, Zhou J, Wang L. Diagnostic value of anti Sa antibody and anti carbamylated protein antibody for rheumatoid arthritis. National Medical Journal of China [Internet]. 2023 Oct 10 [cited 2025 Oct 8];103(37):2947–51. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37752054/
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 BIOSANA Health Scientific Journal. ISSN 2960-8481
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
