Exposición laboral a plomo: Daño hepático y biomarcadores tempranos

Abstract

Lead poisoning; Occupational lead poisoning; Chemical and drug-induced liver injury; Liver failure; Lead poisoning; Biomarkers. Methods: A detailed review of studies published in the last five years was conducted using reliable sources such as PubMed, BVS, Scopus, and Web of Science. The purpose was to analyze the most recent information on biomarkers related to liver damage, including the enzymes ALT, AST, and GGT, along with new indicators under evaluation. In addition, the review sought to identify key trends, findings, and areas that still require further investigation. Results: The analysis showed that traditional biomarkers do not always detect liver damage early enough, highlighting the need for more sensitive methods. The usefulness of advanced molecular and serological tests was emphasized, as well as the combination of different approaches for better monitoring. Furthermore, the importance of strengthening preventive measures, the proper use of personal protective equipment, and worker training was stressed, along with access to complementary treatments that protect their health. Conclusions: Evidence confirms that occupational lead exposure remains a health threat to many workers, especially those who handle heavy metals like lead. Studies show elevated blood lead levels and altered liver enzymes, clear signs of liver damage. These findings underscore the importance of using early biomarkers to detect the problem before symptoms appear. Furthermore, strengthening medical surveillance, preventive education, and the use of personal protective equipment are key to reducing risks and protecting workers' health.