Anthropometric nutritional characterization of the child population of the Pedro Pablo Gómez parish

Abstract

Child malnutrition remains a major global public health concern, as it adversely affects children’s growth and development and manifests in both undernutrition and excess weight, including overweight and obesity. This study aimed to characterize the anthropometric nutritional status of the child population in the parish of Pedro Pablo Gómez. A non-experimental, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted using a quantitative approach with prospective data collection. The sample comprised 44 children under five years of age. Sociodemographic, health, and anthropometric variables were analyzed to assess nutritional status and associated factors. The results showed that 72.7% of the participants were preschool children aged 3–5 years, and 65.9% had not yet entered formal schooling. All children were fully vaccinated and had no obstetric history. Oral health status was predominantly excellent (92%). Family dietary practices were generally positive: 88.6% of children consumed fruits and vegetables daily, 90.9% shared meals with family members, and 63.6% ate without television exposure during meals. Mean anthropometric values were within normal ranges, with an average age of 4 years, height of 0.98 m, and weight of 15.06 kg. Body mass index assessment indicated that 72.7% of children had a healthy weight, while 22.7% presented some degree of malnutrition, predominantly wasting, with lower prevalence of overweight and obesity. Although biological, health, and socioeconomic risks were low, preventive strategies remain necessary. Overall, caregivers demonstrated generally adequate nutritional knowledge, supporting favorable child health outcomes in the parish.