Anthropometric nutritional characterization of the child population in the parish of El Anegado

Abstract

Early childhood is a critical period for the establishment of healthy eating habits and for optimal growth and development. Malnutrition is the most serious consequence of food insecurity among children under five years of age. Acute malnutrition can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and disability, as well as impaired cognitive and physical development, and a higher risk of concurrent infections. The objective of this study was to characterize the anthropometric nutritional status of the pediatric population in the El Anegado parish. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study design was employed, including a total of 48 children under five years of age. Data collection involved administering surveys to parents and conducting anthropometric measurements of the children. The results revealed a slight predominance of male participants. Socioeconomic and environmental factors were identified which, although not severe, may influence nutritional status. While 58.3% of participants reported daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, only 14.6% met the recommended intake of five meals per day. Additionally, unhealthy dietary practices, such as frequent consumption of sweets and sugar-sweetened beverages, were observed. Anthropometric assessment showed that 83.3% of the children had a healthy weight, 10.4% were classified as wasted, and 6.3% as severely wasted. Cases of short stature and head circumference measurements below reference values were also identified. In conclusion, limited knowledge regarding healthy eating persists within the community, along with practices that hinder optimal child development. Therefore, strengthening nutritional education and continuous growth monitoring is recommended to improve child health outcomes.