Impact of digital guidance tools on breastfeeding adherence: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v6i3.1072Keywords:
Breastfeeding; digital tools; telemedicine; adherence; mHealth; literature reviewAbstract
La lactancia materna constituye una piedra angular de la salud infantil, sin embargo, mantenerla presenta desafíos significativos, especialmente en un contexto de bajas tasas de adherencia global. Esta problemática afecta en mayor medida a poblaciones vulnerables, donde el acceso a apoyo profesional continuo es limitado, impactando negativamente en la salud y el desarrollo del lactante. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de las herramientas digitales de orientación en la adherencia a la lactancia materna, a través de una revisión bibliográfica que sintetice la evidencia disponible sobre su efectividad. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo y exploratorio, que usó como método de estudio una revisión bibliográfica, misma que siguió las directrices de la declaración PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect, donde se utilizó cadenas de búsqueda avanzada, además de aplicar filtros de fecha (últimos 5 años) y tipo de estudio. Resultados: Se identificó un total de 126 artículos, de los cuales solo se seleccionaron 16 para el análisis. Conjuntamente, se determinó que existe un impacto heterogéneo, ya que herramientas como WhatsApp, apps de tele lactancia y chat bots con IA mostraron mejoras significativas en prácticas de lactancia, satisfacción y autoeficacia, pero otras intervenciones, como la realidad mixta o algunas aplicaciones móviles, no demostraron superioridad frente al apoyo tradicional. Conclusión: Se concluye que las herramientas digitales poseen un potencial prometedor para mejorar la adherencia a la lactancia materna, pero su efectividad está condicionada por el tipo de tecnología, el diseño centrado en el usuario y el contexto sociocultural de la madre
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