Implementación de herramientas de inteligencia artificial en unidades de cuidados intensivos para el cuidado enfermero: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v6i4.1251Palabras clave:
cuidados intensivos; enfermería; inteligencia artificial; paciente críticoResumen
La incorporación de inteligencia artificial (IA) en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) es relevante para la atención de pacientes críticos, donde la rapidez de respuesta es determinante para su supervivencia. Este estudio analizó la implementación de herramientas de IA en UCI para el cuidado enfermero, identificando aplicaciones, ventajas, limitaciones e impacto asistencial. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo PRISMA 2020, consultando Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BVS, CINAHL y ScienceDirect mediante descriptores DeCS/MeSH y operadores booleanos AND/OR. Se incluyeron estudios originales publicados entre 2021 y 2026 en español, inglés y portugués, evaluados metodológicamente con Johns Hopkins EBP y MMAT. 20 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, predominando algoritmos de aprendizaje automático orientados a predecir mortalidad, sepsis, lesión renal aguda, riesgo nutricional y otras complicaciones. Los resultados mostraron mejoras en la precisión diagnóstica, la detección temprana del deterioro clínico y el apoyo a la toma de decisiones. Se identificaron barreras vinculadas a infraestructura, capacitación, sesgo algorítmico, transparencia, ética y confianza profesional. Concluyendo que la IA es una herramienta complementaria que fortalece el juicio clínico enfermero, favoreciendo un cuidado más seguro, oportuno y personalizado, siempre que su implementación incorpore formación adecuada y validación ética.
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