Nutrigenómica en la prevención del cáncer: una revisión sobre la eficacia de compuestos bioactivos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v5i2.451Palabras clave:
nutrigenómica; prevención del cáncer; inflamación; inmunidad; compuestos bioactivosResumen
El cáncer es una patología que representa una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial y genera un impacto económico sumamente elevado en los sistemas de salud pública. Sin embargo, una considerable parte de los casos de cáncer podrían prevenirse mediante la adopción de hábitos alimentarios adecuados y la ingesta de alimentos ricos en nutrientes y sustancias bioactivas. El objetivo del presente estudio es sintetizar y evaluar los efectos y eficacia de ciertos compuestos bioactivos en la prevención de alteraciones genéticas, mejora del sistema inmune o reducción de la inflamación sistémica que pueden conducir al cáncer. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, en la que se incluyeron estudios de los últimos 5 años encontrados en la base de datos de la Biblioteca Cochrane. Teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se incluyeron un total de 16 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Los cuales develaron y apoyan que la incorporación de compuestos bioactivos presentes en los alimentos, como polifenoles, carotenoides, glucosinolatos, ácidos grasos omega-3, terpenos, fitoesteroles, lignanos y antioxidantes tienen un impacto positivo en la prevención del cáncer al participar en diversos mecanismos moleculares asociados al mismo.
Descargas
Citas
Srivastava S, Dubey AK, Madaan R, Bala R, Gupta Y, Dhiman BS, et al. Emergence of nutrigenomics and dietary components as a complementary therapy in cancer prevention. Environ Sci Pollut Res [Internet]. 2022 Dec 11;29(60):89853–73. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-022-24045-x
OMS. Cáncer [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Apr 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
Malcomson FC, Mathers JC. Translation of nutrigenomic research for personalised and precision nutrition for cancer prevention and for cancer survivors. Redox Biol [Internet]. 2023;62:102710. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2023.102710
DIVELLA R, DANIELE A, SAVINO E, PARADISO A. Anticancer Effects of Nutraceuticals in the Mediterranean Diet: An Epigenetic Diet Model. Cancer Genomics - Proteomics [Internet]. 2020 Jun 23;17(4):335–50. Available from: http://cgp.iiarjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.21873/cgp.20193
Xiaogang H, Sharma M, saif I, Ali G, Li X, Salama ES. The role of nutrition in harnessing the immune system: a potential approach to prevent cancer. Med Oncol [Internet]. 2022 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Oct 9];39(12):1–17. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12032-022-01850-5
Visioli F, Grande S, Bogani P, Galli C. The role of antioxidants in the Mediterranean diets: Focus on cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2004;13(4):337–43.
FAO; FIDA; UNICEF; PMA; OPS. Panorama regional de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional - América Latina y el Caribe 2022. Hacia una mejor asequilibidad de las dietas saludables [Internet]. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO). 2023. 1–158 p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3859es
Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, Znaor A, et al. Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview [Internet]. Vol. 149, International Journal of Cancer. 2024. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/218-ecuador-fact-sheet.pdf
Loria-kohen V, Gonzales-Rodriguez E. Alimentacion y estilo de vida en la prevencion del cancer. 2022; Available from: https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/nh/v39nspe3/0212-1611-nh-39-nspe3-74.pdf
Rogers PC, Barr RD. The relevance of nutrition to pediatric oncology: A cancer control perspective. Pediatr Blood Cancer [Internet]. 2020 Jun 25;67(S3):1–8. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pbc.28213
Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Nutrigenomics and Lifestyle Facet- A Modulatory Molecular Evidence in Progression of Breast and Colon Cancer with Emerging Importance. Curr Mol Med [Internet]. 2022 May 2 [cited 2024 Apr 10];22(4):336–48. Available from: https://www.eurekaselect.com/192560/article
Marcum JA. Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Personalized Nutrition, and Precision Healthcare. Curr Nutr Rep [Internet]. 2020 Dec 23;9(4):338–45. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13668-020-00327-z
Kang JX. Nutrigenomics and Cancer Therapy. Lifestyle Genomics [Internet]. 2013;6(3):I–II. Available from: https://karger.com/JNN/article/doi/10.1159/000355340
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Rev Española Cardiol [Internet]. 2021 Sep 1 [cited 2024 Jun 10];74(9):790–9. Available from: http://www.revespcardiol.org/es-declaracion-prisma-2020-una-guia-articulo-S0300893221002748
Tutino V, De Nunzio V, Milella RA, Gasparro M, Cisternino AM, Gigante I, et al. Impact of Fresh Table Grape Intake on Circulating microRNAs Levels in Healthy Subjects: A Significant Modulation of Gastrointestinal Cancer‐Related Pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res [Internet]. 2021 Nov 21;65(21):1–10. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02337517/full?highlightAbstract=tabl%7Cof%7Cimpact%7Cgrap%7Cgrape%7Cfresh%7Ctable
Ruskovska T, Morand C, Bonetti CI, Gebara KS, Cardozo Junior EL, Milenkovic D. Multigenomic modifications in human circulating immune cells in response to consumption of polyphenol-rich extract of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) are suggestive of cardiometabolic protective effects. Br J Nutr [Internet]. 2023;129(2):185–205. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02407283/full?highlightAbstract=nutrigenomics%7Cimmun%7Cnutrigenom%7Cimmunity
Livingstone T, Saha S, Bernuzzi F, Savva G, Troncoso P, Traka M, et al. Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022;14(16). Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02456080/full?highlightAbstract=sulforaphane%7Ccancer%7Csulforaphan
Zhang Z, Garzotto M, Davis EW, Mori M, Stoller WA, Farris PE, et al. Sulforaphane Bioavailability and Chemopreventive Activity in Men Presenting for Biopsy of the Prostate Gland: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutr Cancer [Internet]. 2020;72(1):74–87. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-01956775/full?highlightAbstract=sulforaphane%7Ccancer%7Csulforaphan
Bauman JE, Hsu CH, Centuori S, Guillen-Rodriguez J, Garland LL, Ho E, et al. Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel) [Internet]. 2022;14(9). Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02394370/full?highlightAbstract=sulforaphane%7Ccancer%7Csulforaphan
Duarte I de AE, Milenkovic D, Borges TKDS, Rosa AJ de M, Morand C, de Oliveira L de L, et al. Acute effects of the consumption of passiflora setacea juice on metabolic risk factors and gene expression profile in humans. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(4). Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02131205/full?highlightAbstract=nutrigenomics%7Cimmun%7Cnutrigenom%7Cimmunity
Lorenzetti A, Osato M, He F, Aperio C, Ayala A, Rasulova S, et al. Interim report from a 2-year double-blind RCT testing fermented papaya preparation on immune enhancement, endothelial health and QOL in elderly adults. Funct Foods Heal Dis [Internet]. 2023;13(2):69–81. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02596287/full?highlightAbstract=nutrigenomics%7Cimmun%7Cnutrigenom%7Cimmunity%0A
Gualtieri P, Marchetti M, Frank G, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Colica C, et al. Antioxidant-Enriched Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Gene Expression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Genes (Basel) [Internet]. 2023;14(1). Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02516903/full?highlightAbstract=nutrigenomics%7Cnutrigenom%7Cinflammation%7Cinflamm
Kanoni S, Kumar S, Amerikanou C, Kurth MJ, Stathopoulou MG, Bourgeois S, et al. Nutrigenetic Interactions Might Modulate the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status in Mastiha-Supplemented Patients With NAFLD. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2021;12(May):1–11. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02273517/full?highlightAbstract=nutrigenomics%7Cnutrigenom%7Cinflammation%7Cinflamm
Delage P, Ségrestin B, Seyssel K, Chanon S, Vieille-Marchiset A, Durand A, et al. Adipose tissue angiogenesis genes are down-regulated by grape polyphenols supplementation during a human overfeeding trial. J Nutr Biochem [Internet]. 2023;117:109334. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02571224/full?highlightAbstract=nutrigenomics%7Cpolyphenols%7Cnutrigenom%7Cpolyphenol
Michielsen CCJR, Hangelbroek RWJ, Bragt MCE, Verheij ER, Wopereis S, Mensink RP, et al. Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Fish Oil and Fenofibrate on Plasma Metabolomic Profiles in Overweight and Obese Individuals. Mol Nutr Food Res [Internet]. 2022;66(2):1–8. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02383471/full?highlightAbstract=nutrigenomics%7Cnutrigenom%7C3%7Comeg%7Comega
Radi IA, Al-Hashimi O, Ameen NA, Alhilfi HS, Abdullah A, Alshewered A. Phytochemical effects of soy isoflavones consumption on urinary estrogen levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Rom J Diabetes, Nutr Metab Dis [Internet]. 2023;30(2):222–30. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02518710/full?highlightAbstract=phytochem%7Ccancer%7Cphytochemicals
Zarei I, Baxter BA, Oppel RC, Borresen EC, Brown RJ, Ryan EP. Plasma and urine metabolite profiles impacted by increased dietary navy bean intake in colorectal cancer survivors: A randomized-controlled trial. Cancer Prev Res [Internet]. 2021;14(4):497–508. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02276082/full?highlightAbstract=phytochem%7Ccancer%7Cphytochemicals
Ahmed S, Ullah N, Parveen S, Javed I, Jalil NAC, Murtey M Das, et al. Effect of Silymarin as an Adjunct Therapy in Combination with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Patients: A Miniature Clinical Trial. Oxid Med Cell Longev [Internet]. 2022;2022. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02373124/full?highlightAbstract=phytochem%7Ccancer%7Cphytochemicals
Hasheminasab FS, Hashemi SM, Dehghan A, Sharififar F, Setayesh M, Sasanpour P, et al. Effects of a Plantago ovata-based herbal compound in prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy: A double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trial. J Integr Med [Internet]. 2020;18(3):214–21. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02098320/full?highlightAbstract=phytochem%7Ccancer%7Cphytochemicals
McCann SE, Hullar MAJ, Tritchler DL, Cortes-Gomez E, Yao S, Davis W, et al. Enterolignan production in a flaxseed intervention study in postmenopausal us women of african ancestry and european ancestry. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021;13(3):1–14. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02277207/full?highlightAbstract=phytochem%7Ccancer%7Cphytochemicals
Tuttis K, Machado ART, Santos PW da S, Antunes LMG. Sulforaphane Combined with Vitamin D Induces Cytotoxicity Mediated by Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, Autophagy, and JNK/MAPK Pathway Modulation in Human Prostate Tumor Cells. Nutrients. 2023;15(12).
dos Santos PW da S, Machado ART, De Grandis RA, Ribeiro DL, Tuttis K, Morselli M, et al. Transcriptome and DNA methylation changes modulated by sulforaphane induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA damage, and suppression of proliferation in human liver cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2020;136:111047. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.111047
Chen QH, Wu BK, Pan D, Sang LX, Chang B. Beta-carotene and its protective effect on gastric cancer. World J Clin Cases. 2021;9(23):6591–607.
Kapała A, Szlendak M, Motacka E. The Anti-Cancer Activity of Lycopene: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies. Nutrients. 2022;14(23):1–14.
Zhang Y, Yang J, Na X, Zhao A. Association between β-carotene supplementation and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev [Internet]. 2023 Aug 10 [cited 2024 Oct 24];81(9):1118–30. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuac110
Das P, Kemisetti D, Jahan FI, Spriha SE, Raka SC. A Comprehensive Review on the Formation of Carcinogens from Food Products with Respect to Different Cooking Methods. J Pharm Res Int. 2021;(August):360–72.
Briguglio G, Costa C, Pollicino M, Giambò F, Catania S, Fenga C. Polyphenols in cancer prevention: New insights (Review). Int J Funct Nutr. 2020;1(2):1–11.
Patra S, Pradhan B, Nayak R, Behera C, Das S, Patra SK, et al. Dietary polyphenols in chemoprevention and synergistic effect in cancer: Clinical evidences and molecular mechanisms of action. Phytomedicine [Internet]. 2021;90(March):153554. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153554
Fagbohun OF, Gillies CR, Murphy KPJ, Rupasinghe HPV. Role of Antioxidant Vitamins and Other Micronutrients on Regulations of Specific Genes and Signaling Pathways in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(7).
Capurso C, Vendemiale G. The Mediterranean Diet Reduces the Risk and Mortality of the Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review. Front Nutr. 2017;4(August).
Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Med. 2015;4(12):1933–47.
Berardi R, Morgese F, Rinaldi S, Torniai M, Mentrasti G, Scortichini L, et al. Benefits and limitations of a multidisciplinary approach in cancer patient management. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:9363–74.
Heinke MY, Vinod SK. A review on the impact of lung cancer multidisciplinary care on patient outcomes. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2020;9(4):1639–53.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Revista Científica de Salud BIOSANA
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
