Importancia de la leche materna y la alimentación temprana en el desarrollo y la salud de la microbiota intestinal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v5i3.635Palabras clave:
leche materna; microbiota intestinal; alimentación temprana; sistema inmunológico; prebióticos/probióticosResumen
La leche materna es considerada como el alimento ideal durante los primeros meses de vida debido a su papel fundamental en el desarrollo integral del lactante. Su composición única combina nutrientes esenciales, oligosacáridos, compuestos bioactivos y microorganismos vivos, que no solo satisfacen las necesidades nutricionales del bebé, sino que también desempeñan un rol decisivo en el establecimiento y la maduración de la microbiota intestinal. Este artículo tiene como propósito compilar y examinar críticamente la evidencia científica existente acerca del papel de la microbiota intestinal y sus funciones claves en la digestión, la protección contra patógenos y la modulación del sistema inmunológico. Estos mecanismos contribuyen a la prevención de infecciones y a la reducción del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas como alergias, obesidad y diabetes tipo 1. En este contexto, la leche materna se posiciona como un factor esencial no solo para la nutrición temprana, sino también para la programación inmunológica y el desarrollo de una microbiota intestinal saludable, con efectos que pueden extenderse a lo largo de toda la vida.
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