Actualización de biomarcadores clínicos en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v5i3.653Palabras clave:
mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis pulmonar; diagnóstico; biomarcadoresResumen
La tuberculosis, continúa siendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedad infecciosa a nivel mundial. La infección, aunque es prevenible, requiere un diagnóstico oportuno, sin embargo, esto representa un reto en salud pública, especialmente en países en vías de desarrollo. Este artículo se fundamenta en una investigación descriptiva de documentos bibliográficos con un análisis retrospectivo. Se empleó una metodología de revisión meticulosa de la literatura al consultar en diversas bases de datos como PudMED, Scielo, Scopus, BVS, ScienceDirect y gacetas epidemiológicas del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. Se realizó un análisis comparativo entre los métodos convencionales de diagnóstico de laboratorio y la utilidad y la fiabilidad de los biomarcadores derivados tanto del huésped como del patógeno. Frente a esta problemática, los enfoques ómicos como la proteómica, transcriptómica y metabolómica han emergido como alternativas prometedoras para identificar biomarcadores diagnósticos en fluidos biológicos accesibles como sangre, suero, plasma y orina. Se concluye que la detección de múltiples biomarcadores basados en metabolitos, microARNs, lncARN y proteínas, tienen potencial para alcanzar un diagnóstico mínimamente invasivo. Sin embargo, se requiere que las investigaciones continúen para reconocer y validar biofirmas de relevancia y aplicabilidad clínica.
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