TORCH infection, sociodemographic status, and risk factors in the second trimester among pregnant women at the Jipijapa Health Center

Abstract

TORCH infections represent a significant risk during pregnancy due to their potential for congenital complications. The objective of this study was to assess TORCH infection, sociodemographic status, and risk factors during the second trimester in pregnant women at the Jipijapa Health Center. A prospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 198 pregnant women. Surveys were administered and blood samples were analyzed. The results showed that the majority of pregnant women did not present elevated risks in biological, health, and social indicators. However, inadequate dietary practices, unsafe water consumption, the presence of pets in the home, and family history were identified as factors for care. Regarding infections, 81 pregnant women (40.9%) tested positive for IgG for Toxoplasma gondii, 17 (8.6%) for cytomegalovirus, and 149 (75.3%) for herpes type 1. In addition, 10 cases (5.1%) were positive for IgM for herpes type 2 and 2 cases (1.0%) for CMV, indicating recent exposure. Rubella and Chagas were negative in all cases. It was concluded that although the majority of pregnant women did not show high risks, there are conditions that require strengthening prenatal care, with an emphasis on TORCH screening and preventive education.