Addressing pronunciation challenges in EFL learners through the phonics method

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62305/alcon.v5i4.684

Keywords:

challenges; EFL students; phonetic method; pronunciation

Abstract

This study looks at the impact of phonetics on the development of pronunciation of EFL students in the fifth grade of Unidad Educativa Cerit Latacunga, Ecuador. The study was designed to determine whether a clear and systematic teaching of English consonants through phonetics improves the accuracy of the students' pronunciation. A quantitative quadruple experimental design was used, which included a pretest to assess initial speaking skills, a targeted intervention using phonics strategies, and a follow-up to evaluate progress. Fifteen students aged 9 to 10 participated. The results revealed significant improvement in the articulation of complex English consonants, especially those not found in the students' initial phonological system. These results highlight the effectiveness of phonics instruction in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL), reinforcing its value in promoting clearer speech, improving comprehension, and fostering more confident oral communication among young learners.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adams, M. J. (1990). Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print. MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/beginning-read

Archibald, J. (2021). Ease and difficulty in L2 phonology: A mini-review. Frontiers in Communication, 6, Article 626529. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.626529

Atkins, B. T. S., & Rundell, M. (2008). The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography. Oxford University Press.

Beltrán-Herrera, M. A., Andrade-Chávez, L. L., & Álvarez-Rojas, D. F. (2016). Pronunciation improvement in EFL young learners through phonics instruction. Praxis, 12(1), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.21676/23897856.1847

Bernal Castañeda, S. (2017). Affective limitations in second language acquisition by Spanish adult learners in vocational training programs. Latin American Journal of Content and Language Integrated Learning, 10(1), 133–160. https://doi.org/10.5294/laclil.2017.10.1.6

Birsh, J. R. (2011). Multisensory teaching of basic language skills. Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. https://www.brookespublishing.com/product/multisensory-teaching-of-basic-language-skills-fourth-edition/

Brown, H. D., & Lee, H. (2020). Principles of language learning and teaching (7th ed.). Pearson.

Carnine, D. W., Silbert, J., Kame’enui, E. J., & Tarver, S. G. (2010). Direct instruction reading (5th ed.). Pearson. https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Carnine-Direct-Instruction-Reading-5th-Edition/PGM226618.html

Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D. M., & Goodwin, J. M. (2010). Teaching pronunciation: A course book and reference guide (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/pw/cambridgeenglish/teacher-development/teaching-pronunciation-2nd-edition

Chall, J. S. (1996). Learning to read: The great debate. Harcourt Brace. https://www.hmhco.com/shop/k12/Learning-to-Read-The-Great-Debate/9780153026732

Chambers, J. K., & Trudgill, P. (2004). Dialectology (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805103

Chasi, A. (2023). Communicative language teaching to develop speaking skills in students of 8th grade at «Latacunga» elementary school [Undergraduate thesis, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi]. https://repositorio.utc.edu.ec/bitstream/27000/11497/1/PP-000346.pdf

Clark, J., Yallop, C., & Fletcher, J. (2007). An introduction to phonetics and phonology (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwelll. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/An+Introduction+to+Phonetics+and+Phonology%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9781405130837

Corralejo, V. (2018). A study of English pronunciation: The challenges faced by Spanish- speaking language learners with particular focus on word- final consonant clusters. Publicaciones Didácticas. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-study-of-English-Pronunciation-%3A-The-challenges/ded31d2e0194fe4d6ed5b18fcc513b65e2d87112

Derwing, T. M., & Munro, M. J. (2005). Second language accent and pronunciation teaching: A research-based approach. TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), 379–397. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/3588486

Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodologies. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=sntUQgAACAAJ

Ehri, L. C. (2004). Teaching phonemic awareness and phonics. In P. McCardle & V. Chhabra (Eds.), The voice of evidence in reading research (pp. 153–186). Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. https://products.brookespublishing.com/The-Voice-of-Evidence-in-Reading-Research-P251.aspx

Ehri, L. C. (2005a). Learning to read and spell words. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(3), 500–508. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.97.3.500

Ehri, L. C. (2005b). Learning to read words: Theory, findings, and issues. Scientific Studies of Reading, 9(2), 167–188. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s1532799xssr0902_4

Flege, J. E. (1995). Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross‑language research (pp. 233–277). York Press. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265113086

Fuchs, L. S., & Fuchs, D. (2006). Introduction to response to intervention: What, why, and how valid is it? Reading Research Quarterly, 41(1), 93–99. https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1598/RRQ.41.1.4

Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Edward Arnold. https://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/docs/SECONDLANGUAGE1985book.pdf

Garellek, M. (2022). Theoretical achievements of phonetics in the 21st century: Phonetics of voice quality. Journal of Phonetics, 94, Article 101155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2022.101155

Gilakjani, A. P. (2012). The significance of pronunciation in English language teaching. English Language Teaching, 5(4), 96–107. https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/view/15940

Goswami, U. (2002). Phonology, reading development, and dyslexia: A cross‑linguistic perspective. Annals of Dyslexia, 52(1), 141–163. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11881-002-0007-2

Hahn, L. D. (2011). English consonants: A phonetic guide. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/english-consonants/FA30A4E06B5935CC962A6A7E647E2D1C

Hahn, L. D. (2011). Pronunciation research to motivate suprasegmentals teaching [add note if duplicate]. (Adjusted if needed)

Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching (4th ed.). Pearson Education. https://www.pearson.com/en‑us/subject‑catalog/p/the‑practice‑of‑english‑language‑teaching/P200000003158/9781405853118

Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6ª ed.). McGraw‑Hill Education.

Hewings, M. (2004). Pronunciation practice activities with audio CD: A resource book for teaching English pronunciation. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/elt/catalogue/subject/project/item405661/Pronunciation-Practice-Activities/?site_locale=es_ES

James, C. (1980). Contrastive analysis. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Contrastive-Analysis/James/p/book/9780582553705

Játiva, C. (2023, September 1). Analysis of pronunciation issues in the speaking skill by the students of regular English courses A1 at PUCEI [Undergraduate thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador]. Repositorio PUCE. https://repositorio.puce.edu.ec/items/9fc05d4f-76b3-40be-8404-6462e79fe0e9

Johnson, K. (2012). Acoustic and auditory phonetics (3rd ed.). Wiley‑Blackwell. https://www.wiley.com/en‑us/Acoustic+and+Auditory+Phonetics%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9781405194662

Juel, C. (1991). Beginning reading. In R. Barr, M. L. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, & P. D. Pearson (Eds.), Handbook of Reading Research (Vol. 2, pp. 759–788). Longman.

Kobaılova, N. (2022). Importance of pronunciation in English language communication. Academic Research in Educational Sciences, 3(6), 592–597. https://ares.uz/uz/maqola-sahifasi/importance-pronunciation-english-language-communication

Kráľová, Z., & Sorádová, D. (2021). The phonics method in teaching EFL pronunciation to young learners with dyslexia. Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences, 2, 211–217. https://doi.org/10.12955/pss.v2.223

Ladefoged, P., & Johnson, K. (2014). A course in phonetics (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. https://www.cengage.com/c/a-course-in-phonetics-7e-ladefoged/9781285463407/

Lane, H. B. (2010). Phonological awareness and the skills that support it. The Reading Teacher, 64(2), 83–87.https://doi.org/10.30863/ijretal.v5i1.6753

Lenneberg, E. H. (1967). Biological foundations of language. Wiley.

Mayadah, M., Dj, M. Z., & Nur, H. (2024). THE EFFECT OF SUPRASEGMENTAL PRONUNCIATION ON SPEAKING SKILLS OF BUGINESE EFL LEARNERS. International Journal Of Research On English Teaching And Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.30863/ijretal.v5i1.6753

Méndez Rojas, R. I. (2019). Phonemic awareness and its effect on EFL pronunciation. Revista Científica de FAREM‑Estelí, UNAN‑Managua, 9(1), 21–30. https://www.camjol.info/index.php/FAREM/article/view/9384

Molina, M. F. (2021). Teaching pronunciation in an EFL context: Insights from Ecuadorian teachers. LETRAS, 70, 215–240. https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/letras/article/view/45978

Murray, D. E. (2016). Effective vocabulary instruction for EFL learners: Best practices and strategies. TESOL Journal, 7(2), 345–359. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.254

Murillo Tenezaca, J. M. (2022). Phonics method and the pronunciation of English words [Undergraduate thesis, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi]. https://repositorio.utc.edu.ec/bitstream/27000/9195/1/T-UTC-29859.pdf

National Reading Panel. (2000). Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Odlin, T. (1989). Language transfer: Cross‑linguistic influence in language learning. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524537

Pennington, M. C., & Richards, J. C. (2016). Pronunciation: A handbook for teachers. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315460966

Pierrehumbert, J. (2003). Phonetic diversity, statistical learning, and acquisition of phonology. Language and Speech, 46(2–3), 115–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309030460020501

Prahaladaiah, D., & Thomas, K. A. (2024). Effect of phonological and phonetic interventions on proficiency in English pronunciation and oral reading. Education Research International, 2024, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9087087

Ramírez, M. A. (2023). Teaching pronunciation through phonics to students of third grade at Unidad Educativa “Eloy Alfaro” [Undergraduate thesis, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi]. https://repositorio.utc.edu.ec/bitstream/27000/11337/1/PP-000290.pdf

Roach, P. (2009). English phonetics and phonology: A practical course (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/english-phonetics-and-phonology/FC1C82B3F95E3C6DA5C8CA3C030E0EB1

Sarwono, J., & Purwanto, Y. (2013). English for academic purposes: A successful way to learn scientific English. Andi. https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=23354

Scarcella, R. C., & Oxford, R. L. (1992). The tapestry of language learning: The individual in the communicative classroom. Heinle & Heinle Publishers. https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11517977M

Seligman, S., & Darling, C. (1991). Mastering English pronunciation. Prentice Hall Regents.

Smith, J. (2015). Phonics methods in EFL pronunciation instruction: Effective strategies for improving learner performance. TESOL Quarterly, 49(3), 423–446. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.123

Stahl, S. A., Duffy‑Hester, A. M., & Stahl, K. A. D. (1998). Everything you wanted to know about phonics (but were afraid to ask). Reading Research Quarterly, 33(3), 338–355. https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1598/RRQ.33.3.5

Swan, M., & Smith, B. (2001). Learner English: A teacher’s guide to interference and other problems (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/learner-english/6BC77D50F5677CE1D9DFEDDD8BB78099

Thornbury, S. (2005). How to teach speaking. Longman. https://www.pearson.com/en‑us/subject‑catalog/p/how‑to‑teach‑speaking/P200000003420/9780582853591

Thomson, R. I., & Derwing, T. M. (2015). The effects of pronunciation instruction on intelligibility and accent: A review of the literature. Applied Linguistics, 36(3), 326–344. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu058

Torgesen, J. K. (2002). The prevention of reading difficulties. Journal of School Psychology, 40(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(01)00092-9

Twinkl. (n.d.). ESL phonics taster pack — Phonics for ESL students. Retrieved June 4, 2025, from https://www.twinkl.com/resource/esl-phonics-taster-pack-t-eal-155

Ur, P. (1996). A course in language teaching: Practice and theory. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/course-in-language-teaching/49A44A82A0A84D6DBDB0D165C8E78A35

Vosiljonov, A. (2022). Basic theoretical principles of corpus linguistics. Neliti. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/358164-basic-theoretical-principles-of-corpus-l-ee6c3e4d.pdf

Wardana, I. K., Astuti, P. S., & Sukanadi, N. L. (2023). Examining the effect of phonological awareness instruction on EFL learners’ pronunciation and motivation. Erudita: Journal of English Language Teaching, 2(2), 129–147. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370546667

Yule, G. (2016). The study of language (7th ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/study-of-language/09DF73D4B64F5BCEFC3DB38F19D0C69B

Published

2025-07-16

How to Cite

Rojas Miranda , S. N. ., & Venegas Alvarez, G. S. (2025). Addressing pronunciation challenges in EFL learners through the phonics method . Scientific Journal of Educational Innovation and Current Society "ALCON". ISSN 2960-8473, 5(4), 201–221. https://doi.org/10.62305/alcon.v5i4.684

Issue

Section

Original articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)