Use of miARNs as molecular markers of cancer: systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v6i3.1110Keywords:
microRNAs; neoplasms; biomarkersAbstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are molecules composed of approximately 18 to 25 nucleotides. They originate as primary transcripts, and once mature, they are incorporated into the RISC complex (RNA-induced silencing complex) to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The expression of many miRNAs can be altered, leading to the development of cancer, representing promising tools for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. A systematic review was conducted to determine the utility and importance of miRNAs as molecular markers in cancer, based on a search of scientific articles in English and Spanish from recent years in certified databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Academia Search Complete, from which 29 articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. It was concluded that lung, breast, and prostate cancers are the most common types of cancer, with miR-32-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-141-5p, miR-187-3p, among others, being the main miRNAs of importance as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in various types of neoplasms, and that they are quantified and analyzed mainly through techniques such as RT-PCR and q-PCR, allowing for early cancer diagnosis.
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