Decline in athletic performance in triathletes associated with energy imbalance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v6i4.1273Keywords:
Hydration; fatigue; cramps; macronutrients; nutritional strategyAbstract
Triathlon requires proper nutritional and hydration planning due to high energy demands, fluid and electrolyte loss, and the risk of fatigue associated with prolonged training. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status, energy availability, and possible abnormalities related to dehydration in an amateur triathlete experiencing a decline in athletic performance. A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational case study was conducted using anthropometric measurements, dietary assessment, biochemical analysis, and recording of indicators associated with physical performance and subjective perception of fatigue. The results showed a BMI of 23.0 kg/m² and 14% body fat, values consistent with normal weight and adequate fitness for endurance sports. However, a 2-kg decrease in muscle mass, reduced ferritin, slightly low hemoglobin, decreased serum sodium, and potassium at the lower limit were identified, along with fatigue, cramps, and insufficient hydration. These findings suggest an energy and electrolyte imbalance associated with low carbohydrate intake, fluid deficit, and possible low energy availability. An individualized nutritional strategy aimed at improving hydration, recovery, and athletic performance is proposed.
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