Prevalencia, complicaciones y pruebas diagnósticas por sensibilidad y especificidad del perfil TORCH en gestantes y recién nacidos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v4i4.209Palabras clave:
Detectores congénitos; efectividad diagnóstica; pruebas serológicas; variabilidad.Resumen
Las anomalías congénitas ocurren durante la vida intrauterina y pueden detectarse durante el embarazo, el parto o posteriormente. El diagnóstico prenatal de estas anomalías busca proporcionar un adecuado asesoramiento para el control prenatal. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la prevalencia, complicaciones y pruebas diagnósticas por sensibilidad y especificidad del perfil TORCH en gestantes y recién nacidos, basándose en un diseño documental narrativo de tipo descriptivo. Los resultados mostraron que el Citomegalovirus tuvo la mayor prevalencia (54,50%), que las pruebas moleculares tienen la mayor sensibilidad y especificidad (95% y 100%), seguidas de las pruebas rápidas (94.6% y 96.1%), y que las pruebas de inmunoensayos mostraron la menor sensibilidad y especificidad (83.3% y 94.6%), lo que podría afectar la precisión del diagnóstico y la toma de decisiones clínicas, además entre las complicaciones observadas en recién nacidos se destacaron la pérdida auditiva y los trastornos neurológicosy durante el período de gestación, prevalecieron los abortos espontáneos, pérdidas fetales y partos prematuros. Se concluyó que la prevalencia de estas infecciones varía según la región geográfica, y las complicaciones dependen del momento del embarazo en que ocurre la infección y del patógeno responsable. Las pruebas moleculares resultaron ser las más confiables, garantizando una identificación precisa de los pacientes. Las pruebas rápidas también son bastante precisas y adecuadas para la detección inicial. En contraste, las pruebas de inmunoensayo son menos confiables debido a su mayor riesgo de producir falsos negativos y positivos, lo que puede comprometer la exactitud diagnóstica y la toma de decisiones clínicas.
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