Biomarcadores sanguíneos en la enfermedad de Alzheimer: una revisión bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62305/biosana.v4i5.353Palabras clave:
Biomarcador, biomarcadores sanguíneos, enfermedad de Alzheimer, proteína Tau, proteína amiloide- β (Aβ)Resumen
La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), es la causa principal de demencia en mayores de 65 años y responsable del 50-60% de los casos globales, su diagnóstico definitivo es mediante pruebas que identifican placas amiloide-β (Aβ) y ovillos tau en el cerebro. Sin embargo, el uso de estas pruebas es limitado debido a su naturaleza invasiva y alto costo. Este estudio se basa en una investigación descriptiva de documentos bibliográficos con un análisis retrospectivo. Se consultaron en diversas bases de datos como PudMED, Scielo, Scopus. Se encontraron 16 artículos relacionados al tema de estudio empleando la metodología PRISMA. Este artículo analiza la utilidad y la fiabilidad de los biomarcadores sanguíneos para la enfermedad de Alzheimer en sus diferentes etapas. Señala la necesidad de mejorar algunos marcadores como los ensayos de Aβ42/Aβ40 y la precisión de las diferentes formas de p-tau. Además, explora otros biomarcadores prometedores como el neurofilamento ligero (NfL), el GFAP y los marcadores sinápticos. El artículo enfatiza la importancia de seguir investigando para desarrollar pruebas más robustas que igualen la eficacia de los biomarcadores del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET).
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