Uso de ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) en la producción porcina
Palabras clave:
Salud animal, Rendimiento productive, Terapia farmacológica, Bienestar porcinoResumen
La producción porcina desempeña un papel fundamental en la agricultura mundial, enfrentando desafíos en salud y bienestar animal. El ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) surge como una herramienta prometedora para mejorar el crecimiento, reducir el estrés y manejar enfermedades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el uso integral de los EAA en cerdos para fomentar prácticas sostenibles y productivas. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa utilizando la metodología PRISMA, y enfocándose en estudios desde 1970 a 2024. Los datos se recopilaron mediante una búsqueda sistemática en bases académicas y bibliografías clave, evaluando vías de administración, propósitos terapéuticos y efectos en la producción porcina. De 14 estudios seleccionados, los resultados mostraron que el AAS mejora la salud intestinal y el crecimiento en lechones destetados, aunque presenta riesgos de efectos adversos gastrointestinales. En cerdos en crecimiento, su uso como coadyuvante en enfermedades respiratorias fue destacado, mientras que, en la etapa de engorde, su manejo cuidadoso fue esencial para evitar lesiones gástricas. Se concluye que el AAS contribuye significativamente al bienestar y rendimiento productivo de los cerdos, siempre que su uso se ajuste a dosis y vías de administración adecuadas para maximizar beneficios y minimizar riesgos.
Palabras claves: Salud animal, Rendimiento productive, Terapia farmacológica, Bienestar porcino.
ABSTRACT
Swine production plays a key role in global agriculture and faces animal health and welfare challenges. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) emerges as a promising tool to improve growth, reduce stress and control disease. This study aimed to analyze the comprehensive use of ASA in pigs to promote sustainable and productive practices. A qualitative literature review was conducted using PRISMA methodology, focusing on studies conducted between 1970 and 2024. Data were collected through a systematic search of academic databases and key bibliographies, evaluating routes of administration, therapeutic purposes, and effects on swine production. From 14 selected studies, the results showed that ASA improves intestinal health and growth in weaned piglets, although it presents risks of gastrointestinal adverse effects. In growing pigs, its use as an adjuvant in respiratory diseases was highlighted, while, in the fattening stage, its careful management was essential to avoid gastric lesions. It is concluded that AAS contributes significantly to the welfare and productive performance of pigs, provided that its use is adjusted to adequate doses and routes of administration to maximize benefits and minimize risks.
Keywords: Animal health, Productive performance, Pharmacological therapy, Swine welfare.
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Fecha de recepción: 05 de septiembre de 2024.
Fecha de aceptación: 11 de diciembre de 2024.
Fecha de publicación: 20 de enero de 2025.
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