System of exercises as a tool to optimize the process of teaching mathematics in the resolution of equations

Abstract

The study of solving mathematical equations is crucial for the development of logical thinking in students, being a persistent challenge in the educational field. The objective of this research was to design a system of exercises that optimizes the teaching-learning process of mathematics, improving student performance in solving equations. A mixed approach was used, a type of non-experimental research with a descriptive-cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 30 students and instruments were used such as: interviews applied to mathematics teachers and managers; survey and pedagogical tests applied to the students and an observation and documentary review guide that allowed, in the first case, to observe the mathematics teaching process and in the second to review documents specific to the high school teaching level. To validate the proposed exercise system, the Delphi method was used, with experts in mathematics education. The main findings show that 66.6% of students have significant difficulties in identifying equations and 83.3% present problems in introducing and eliminating grouping signs, as well as in reducing similar terms. Furthermore, 90% of students do not check the solutions, which demonstrates fundamental deficiencies in the resolution process. There are significant deficiencies in the process of solving equations by students, which highlights the need to implement the exercise system to improve the understanding of this content and in turn the performance of the students.