Analysis of the linguistic variations present in facebook memes

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze how linguistic variations manifest in memes published on Facebook and what function they serve in digital communication. The methodology used was a qualitative and sociolinguistic analysis of the variations present in Facebook memes, which led to the following conclusions: The linguistic variation observed in memes from Ecuadorian users is not a random error, but rather a highly functional system of expressive and humorous resources within digital discourse. Elements such as graphic/orthographic variations and linguistic economy are used intentionally to generate emphasis, enhance humor, and simulate the immediacy of oral communication. The use of Ecuadorianisms and digital slang (anglicisms and neologisms) in memes confirms that language on Facebook acts as a marker of dual identity: Local identity: Dialectal terms reinforce cultural cohesion and belonging to the Ecuadorian context; and Digital identity: Internet slang serves as an access code to the global online community, demonstrating discursive competence in the digital environment. Young users exhibit a clear metalinguistic awareness. The students' opinions demonstrate their ability to differentiate and adapt their linguistic register. They recognize variation as the norm in informal communication on social networks, while maintaining the use of the normative register in formal academic contexts. This refutes concerns about an irreversible erosion of normative language, and the meme is a cultural product that highlights the dynamic and adaptive nature of language. Digital discourse on Facebook is a space for linguistic innovation where creativity and efficiency take precedence over prescriptive norms, creating a hybrid communicative style (written orality).